ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN

 

Benefits of Apple for Our Body

 

Health benefits:Apples are filled with soluble fiber (5 grams). This fiber has been shown to reduce intestinal disorders, including diverticulitis, hemorrhoids and possibly some types of cancer. It helps control insulin levels by releasing sugar slowly into the bloodstream. It cleanses and detoxifies, which helps eliminate heavy metals, such as lead and mercury.
Apple pectin helps reduce cholesterol levels by lowering insulin secretion.
In two studies researchers found that eating five apples a week lowered the risk for respiratory diseases like asthma.
According to Chinese Medicine: Apples strengthen the heart, quench thirst, lubricate the lungs, decrease mucous and increase body fluids.
Apple cider vinegar can help prevent the formation of kidney stones.
Studies indicate that eating apples daily can reduce skin diseases.
According to a Brazilian study, eating an apple before a meal helped women lose 33 percent more weight than those who didn't.
An apple has only 50-80 calories and has no fat or sodium.
Apples are packed with vitamins C, A, and flavonoids and with smaller amounts of phosphorus, iron and calcium.
Apples provide a source of potassium which may promote heart health.
So there you have it ... lots of good reasons why it is good for you to eat an apple a day! I like apples so much that when I started living by myself I substituted those sugar laden cereals with an apple.

ANATOMY OF THE EAR Kulağın Anatomisi

 

LIFE FEATURES OF THE HUGEBIRD

 

The budgerigar is a small colourful bird native to Australia. The budgerigar is thought to be a sub-species of parrot, making the budgerigar one of the smallest parrot species in the world.
The budgerigar is often called a parakeet or a budgie and the budgie is one of the most popular birds to keep as pets, both in outside aviaries and in cages in homes. Budgerigars are thought to be popular pets due to their small size and brightly coloured feathers.
The budgerigar is a very sociable bird and budgies can been seen gathering in large flocks in trees and scrub land in the Australian wilderness. Pet budgerigars should always be kept at least with one other budgerigar to prevent them from getting lonely. The wild budgerigar tends to feed on grass seeds and occasionalinsects.
Budgies are known to be very easy animals to sex. Male budgies and female budgies can be identified by the colour of their nose. The male budgerigar has a blue nose while the female budgie’s nose is brown in colour.
Budgerigars are known to be very hardy little creatures and if a budgie becomes ill in the wild, the budgie will try to conceal it as long as possible so as not to appear weak and vulnerable to potential predators. The main predators of the wild budgerigar are snakes and birds of prey such as hawks. Wild budgerigars have also been known to be hunted by local natives mainly for their brightly coloured feathers which are then used in tribal costumes.
The average lifespan of a wild budgerigar is thought to be around 5 years but budgerigars have been known to live much longer in captivity, some get to nearly 20 years old! The average lifespan of a pet budgie is between 8 and 10 years.
Budgerigars are one of the few bird species that do not build nests and female budgerigars will therefore find a hole in a tree in which to lay their eggs. The female budgerigar lays around 5 or 6 eggs, that hatch in around 3 weeks. The budgie chicks are looked after by their mother and reach full adulthood when they are roughly 9 months old.
The budgerigar is a very vocal animal and the song of the budgie is also quite loud. Budgerigars use their voices to communicate with one another as they are very sociable animals.

of the sheep Anatomy Features of the Sheep

KOYUNUN YAŞAMI İNGİLİZCE ANLATIMI

Sheep are mammals with thick, woolly fur, and hoofed feet. Sheep were domesticated (bred to be tame) about 10,000 years ago. Domestic (tame) sheep are farmed for their wool, meat and milk. There are also many types of wild sheep; they are closely related to wild goats. In 1997, a sheep named “Dolly” was the first animal cloned (grown from a cell from another adult animal, making a genetically exact copy of the original animal).
Names: An adult female sheep is called an ewe; an adult male is called a ram. Babies are called lambs.
Anatomy: Sheep range from about 2 to 4 ft (0.6 to 1.3 m) tall at the shoulder. Some types of sheep have horns, which are often curved. The horns grow throughout the life of the sheep.
Diet: Sheep are herbivores (plant-eater) that graze on grass, leaves, twigs, and young plants.
Different breeds of sheep are bred for particular purposes such as wool and meat. Others are bred for their different types of milk. Some breeds produce thicker milk which is ideal for making ice cream.
Sheep are also kept as pets. Sheep are docile animals, timid and sometimes, plain stupid! However, they are very interesting animals that make wonderful pets for people all over the world.
Sheep Characteristics
Domestic sheep are relatively small ruminants, typically with horns forming a lateral spiral and crimped hair called wool. A sheep is an animal which has a thick coat of fleece on its body. Another trait unique to sheep are their wide variation in colour. Wild sheep are largely variations of brown hues.

Futbolun tarihcesi ve deyimleri İngilizce

WHAT IS FOOTBALL?

As of the 21st century, it is the most widespread and most popular sport in the world, being played by more than 250 million players in over 250 countries. It comes from the English word "football" which means ball of foot. It is played between two teams and with 11 players of each of the two teams. Each team has 5 substitute players. It is played on an earthen or grass field that is 100 to 110 m long and 65 to 75 m wide. The goal of the teams; To score a goal by throwing the ball into the opponent's goal. castles; It measures 732x244cm. The game is played in two time slots of 45 minutes each. At halftime, the players take a 15-minute break. It is forbidden for the players to touch the ball with their hands during the game, and only the goalkeepers who protect the goal of both teams can touch the ball with their hands within the penalty area determined for them.

HISTORY OF FOOTBALL

The history of human beings starting to play with "ball" dates back to ancient times. Figures of people playing ball with their feet were found in wall paintings in tombs in Egypt. In fact, balls made of leather or linen with a diameter of 7.5 cm from this time have survived 2500 years ago and are exhibited in some museums. Homer also mentions ball games in "Odiesa". It is known that training was practiced by kicking a ball between two spears planted on the ground in China in 2500 BC. After football appeared in similar forms in almost all civilizations throughout history, it took its closest form in England in the 17th century. Its further development can be illustrated as follows:

1841 - The acceptance of the soccer ball to be a perfect sphere.

1848 – Football rules were collected under the name of "Cambridge rules" and the first football match with these rules was played in Cambridge, the first football match was played among students.

1855 – An English team goes abroad for the first time to play football, thus laying the foundation of football in Germany.

1857 - Founding of Sheffield Club, the first football club in England.

1863 – Birth of the English Football Association and thus modern football.

WHAT IS FOOTBALL?

As of the 21st century, it is the most widespread and most popular sport in the world, being played by more than 250 million players in over 250 countries. It comes from the English word "football" which means ball of foot. It is played between two teams and with 11 players of each of the two teams. Each team has 5 substitute players. It is played on an earthen or grass field that is 100 to 110 m long and 65 to 75 m wide. The goal of the teams; To score a goal by throwing the ball into the opponent's goal. castles; It measures 732x244cm. The game is played in two time slots of 45 minutes each. At halftime, the players take a 15-minute break. It is forbidden for the players to touch the ball with their hands during the game, and only the goalkeepers who protect the goal of both teams can touch the ball with their hands within the penalty area determined for them.

HISTORY OF FOOTBALL

The history of human beings starting to play with "ball" dates back to ancient times. Figures of people playing ball with their feet were found in wall paintings in tombs in Egypt. In fact, balls made of leather or linen with a diameter of 7.5 cm from this time have survived 2500 years ago and are exhibited in some museums. Homer also mentions ball games in "Odiesa". It is known that training was practiced by kicking a ball between two spears planted on the ground in China in 2500 BC. After football appeared in similar forms in almost all civilizations throughout history, it took its closest form in England in the 17th century. Its further development can be illustrated as follows:

1841 - The acceptance of the soccer ball to be a perfect sphere.

1848 – Football rules were collected under the name of "Cambridge rules" and the first football match with these rules was played in Cambridge, the first football match was played among students.

1855 – An English team goes abroad for the first time to play football, thus laying the foundation of football in Germany.

1857 - Founding of Sheffield Club, the first football club in England.

1863 – Birth of the English Football Association and thus modern football.

NGİLİZCE TÜRKÇE FUTBOL TERİMLERİ

Fotball terms

offside / ofsayt

goal / gol

shot / şut

to score / gol atmak

net / file

referee / hakem

player / oyuncu

penalty / penaltı

free kick / serbest vuruş

goal kick / penaltı vuruşu

corner / korner

yellow card / sarı kart

red card / kırmızı kart

foul / faul

to send off / oyundan atmak

Introduction of Istanbul Maiden's Tower- Kız Kulesi

 İ

Istanbul's city pictures almost always include "Kiz Kulesi". "Kiz Kulesi" is called in English Maiden's Tower or Leander's Tower. The Maiden's Tower is located on a small islet at a very short distance from the shores of the district "Uskudar" in the Asian side of the city. It can be seen from Topkapi Palace, Dolmabahçe Palace, Ortakoy distric and many other interesting places of Istanbul.

According to a Turkish legend a princess was locked up in the tower by her father because of a prophecy. The prophecy alerted him saying that his daughter would die by the bite of a snake. The father wanted to protect the princess and put her in the Maiden's tower. Unfortunately at the end of the story, the princess dies by the snake that was brought to the islet in a basket of grapes.

The Leander's Tower is the other name you will come across for the same place. There is a legend which has taken place in the city of Abydos in the straight of Dardanelles but somehow mistakenly related to the Maiden's Tower. Leander tried to see his lover Hero and attempted to cross the straight and drowns.

In the 12th century, the emperor Manuel Comnenus has built a small fortress where the tower is located. He wanted to tie a chain to close the Bosphorus straight. The other end of the chain was tied to Tower of Mangana.-

Until today the tower is used as a lighthouse, semaphore station, quarantine, customs control area, and home for retired naval officers. The building that you can see today dates back to 18th century.

THE MEANING OF ROSE COLORS

 

raditionally, rose flowers represent love and romance. 

However, based on colors rose flowers have different meanings.
Rose meanings based on color:

Red rose
The red rose is a traditional rose, the symbol of love. It means “I love you”, “I love only you”. Red roses are the most popular flowers on Valentine’s Day. In addition to the message of love, red roses can be given in recognition of courage and to show respect or to say “Well done!” and “Congratulations”.
White rose
The white rose is a traditional flower at weddings. It symbolizes unity, purity, innocence and serenity. The white rose means “My love for you is deep and pure”. White roses also can express your care and concern for your friend.

Pink rose
Pink roses carry different meanings according to the shade. Dark pink roses symbolize graditide, appreciation and admiration. Light pink roses represent young love, first love and sweetness.

Orange rose
The orange rose represents enthusiasm and desire. Orange roses are excellent choice for a new relationship that you wish to pursue further. It can also be reffering to a promotion of new business partnership.
Peach rose 
The peach rose symbolizes appreciation or gratitude. Peach roses mean “Something has gone well”.

Yellow rose
The yellow rose is a symbol of friendship, joy and happiness. Yellow roses are not romantic rose flowers, they don’t show love. Long time ago yellow roses stood for jealousy, today they convey warmth and gladness. Yellow roses can also symbolize a message “I’m sorry”.
Cream rose
The cream rose is associated with charm, grace and thoughtfulness.
Lilac rose, lavender rose, purple rose
The lavender rose, lilac rose and purple rose are magical roses. They express enchantment and love at first sight. They mean the begining of true love. The lavender rose, lilac rose and purple rose are great Valentine flowers.

Blue rose
The blue rose does not exist in nature. The blue rose symbolizes something mysterious or impossible.
Black rose
The black rose symbolizes the death and mourning. The black rose shows sadness and farewell. It can also express rebirth and new beginnings.
The rose flower is the June birth flower and the 15th wedding anniversary flower.
Rose meanings based on number of stems
The number of stems in a rose bouquet can also express specific sentiments. A single rose of any color in full bloom means “I love you”. Two rose flowers are a symbol of love between both parties. Tree rose flowers mean “I love you”. Six rose flowers mean “I devoted to you”. A dozen roses given in a bouquet represents a traditional, classic romance.

Sporun Sağlığımıza Faydaları İngilizce Makale

Sporun Sağlığımıza Faydaları İngilizce Makale:

Sports promote enhanced flexibility and coordination as well as building efficient muscle tone that protects the body from injuries, improves positive body image and increases stamina and strength. Athletes who participate in sports also pay more attention to their training and typically work out to become better at their particular sport. Trainers at Kieser Training report that building muscles improves sports performance and helps to prevent sports-related injuries while improving overall health.

Sports that involve high-impact aerobic activity such as soccer, basketball and baseball, as well as any activity that requires running, helps children to develop healthy bones. For older adults, impact sports that also include tennis, hiking and volleyball can help prevent osteoporosis and reduce the risk of hip fractures.
As physical self-image improves, so do feelings of well being, making sports a positive influence on reducing the incidence of depression in those who play. Unlike individual exercise done in isolation, sports also provide a social component that increases interpersonal relationships and reduces depression. Additionally, sports promote teamwork and teach youngsters how to be a part of a team. Sportsmanship qualities learned through sports can help to produce mentally healthy adults,

İngilizce Bitkinin Kısımları- Parts of a plant

İngilizce Bitkinin Kısımları / Parts of a plant

 roots keeps the plants upright and to collect water and helps the plant not to fall down leaves to collect the light energy and to complete photosynthesis stem to take water to the leaves through the veins so the leaves can do photosynthesis flowers for reproduction

INTRODUCTION OF ISTANBUL GALATA TOWER

GALATA KULESİNİN İNGİLİZCE TANITIMI

A 55 meter tower providing a panoramic view of the old town, Galata Kulesi was built by the Genoese as part of the defense wall surrounding their district of Galata directly opposite Byzantium (Constantinopolis). The Genoese used to trade with the Byzantines and the tower was used for the surveillance of the Harbor in the Golden Horn. After the conquest of Constantinople by Mehmet II it served to detect fires in the city. The tower now houses a restaurant and a night club. Today there is an elevator but there are still three more floors to climb by stairs to get on the panoramic terrace. It’s open from early morning until late at night everyday.

FEATURES OF TURKISH RAKI

Traditional Turkish drinks Raki

When one thinks of Turkey or Turks, one is reminded of Raki. Although it is not known where or when this drink was invented, it is certain that the history of raki does not go as far back as wine or beer. There are many proverbs on raki which is the traditional Turkish drink. Raki is made from different fruits in different regions, but grapes, figs and plums are the main ones.
In the Near and Middle East countries the drink is known by different names such as Araka, Araki, Ariki which obviously come from the same origin. Some claim that it is called Iraqi (from Iraq) because it was first made in this country and spread to other regions. Others say it got its name from the razaki grapes used in producing it. Both theories are acceptable. Another theory is that arak in Arabic means “sweat” and araki ” that which makes one sweat.” If one drinks too much raki one does sweat and when raki is being distilled it falls drop by drop like sweat, so the name could have come from Arabic. In neighboring countries different kinds of raki have different names. In Greece gum is added to it and the drink is called “Mastika”. Duziko which comes from the slavic word “Duz” means raki with aniseed. In Turkey, raki made from grape residue used to be called Düz Raki or Hay Raki. Zahle raki has taken this name because it is made in the city of Zahle in Lebanon. Raki is not a fermentation drink like wine and beer but a distillation drink, so more technical knowledge and equipment are necessary for its production. Encyclopedias write that in “Eastern India a drink produced by distilling fermented sugar cane juice is called “arak” and the same name is given Ceylon and Malesia to an alcoholic drink made by the distillation of the juice of the palm tree. It is also noted that in Iran the drink made in the same way from grapes and dates is also called “arak”.

The history is going back 300 years. The art of distillation which started in the Arab world and spread to the neighboring countries was implemented when people thought of making use of the sugar in the residue of wine processing. With the addition of aniseed, raki took on its Turkish characteristic. The famous Turkish traveler Evliya Celebi listed the artisans of Istanbul in the first volume of his book on his voyages which he wrote in 1630. Among the artisans he also mentioned the arak makers. While writing that arak was made from all kinds of plants, he also mentioned the word raki and said that drinking even one drop of this intoxicating drink was sinful. It is known that at that time in Istanbul 300 people in 100 workshop were occupied in the production and sale of this drink. Evliya Celebi spoke of tavern-keepers as “accursed, ill omened, blame worthy” and said there were taverns all over Istanbul but especially in Samatya, Kumkapi, Balikpazari, Unkapani, Fener, Balat (last three are on the Golden Horn)and the two shores of the Bosphorus and added “Galata means Taverns”. Evliya Celebi recorded the small wine shops and the kinds of wine they sold and also mentioned the taverns that sold raki, all kinds of raki, like raki wine, banana raki, mustard raki, linden raki, cinnamon raki, clove raki, pomegranate raki, hay raki, aniseed raki, etc.


Raki was first produced from the residue of grapes left over from wine making. When a shortage of residue started, spirits from abroad were imported and processed with aniseed. This went on till the First World War when, for want of raw materials raisins were used in the production of raki and sometimes even dried figs and mulberries. For good quality raki, seedless raisins and aniseed in Cesme (Izmir) were preferred. As the raki industry developed, aniseed agriculture grew and developed with it. When alcoholic beverages were prohibited at one time, underhand producers lost no time in taking steps. The administrative authorities, especially in small towns, turned a blind eye to the illegal production of raki so long as it was made in accordance with the technical rules. In many houses meat grinders were used for mincing the raisin, large basins formerly used for daily washing were now used for fermenting the grapes and oil cans were converted into distilling apparatus. The raki which was usually without aniseed and which often contained materials harmful to health were distributed to by children, in the evenings, when the streets were no longer crowded.

Today in Istanbul, drinking raki has its own traditional rituals. Most important is what it is to be partaken with. White cheese is the main and unchangeable “meze” of raki. Raki is usually drunk with cold dishes like tomatoes, cucumber, lettuce and seafood. Fish is also a favorite, especially mullet and mackerel. Due to the aniseed it contains, raki changes color and becomes a milky white when water is added and a glass of pure water to go with it gives a distinct pleasant taste.

Istanbul used to have many tiny taverns but nowadays if you want to drink raki and eat dishes that go well with it the best places are Kumkapi, the Bosphorus and the flower market in Galatasaray at Beyoglu district. The favorite mezes of raki drinkers, roasted chickpeas and freshly salted almonds, can be found in almost all taverns.

Those who have been drinkers of raki for years and years, point out that this drink affects one according to his/hers mood. Sometimes one is tipsy after a glass or two; while sometimes even a huge bottle gives only a feeling of well being and enjoyment.

HISTORY OF CHESS IN ENGLISHH

Origins of chess

Many countries claim to have invented the chess game in some incipient form. The most commonly held belief is that chess originated in India, where it was called Chaturanga, which appears to have been invented in the 6th century AD. Although this is commonly believed, it is thought that Persians created a more modern version of the game after the Indians. In fact, the oldest known chess pieces have been found in excavations of ancient Persian territories.
Another theory exists that chess arose from the similar game of Chinese chess, or at least a predecessor thereof, existing in China since the 2nd century BC. Joseph Needham and David Li are two of many scholars who have favored this theory.
Chess eventually spread westward to Europe and eastward as far as Japan, spawning variants as it went. One theory suggests that it migrated from India to Persia, where its terminology was translated into Persian, and its name changed to chatrang. The entrance of chess into Europe, notably, is marked by a massive improvement in the powers of the queen. The oldest known texts describing chess seem to indicate a bi-directional spread from the Persian empire. In fact, the oldest known reference points to Shah Ardashir as being a master of the game, his rule was from 224 – 241 AD. This would indicate that chess was invented some time before his rule.
From Persia it entered the Islamic world, where the names of its pieces largely remained in their Persian forms in early Islamic times. Its name became shatranj, which continued in Spanish as ajedrez and in Greek as zatrikion, but in most of Europe was replaced by versions of the Persian word shah = “king”.
There is a theory that this name replacement happened because, before the game of chess came to Europe, merchants coming to Europe brought ornamental chess kings as curiosities and with them their name shah, which Europeans mispronounced in various ways.
* Checkmate: This is the English rendition of shah mat, which is Persian for “the king is finished”.
* Rook: From the Persian rukh, which means “chariot”, but also means “cheek” (part of the face). The piece resembles a siege tower. It is also believed that it was named after the mythical Persian bird of great power called the roc. In India, the piece is more popularly called haathi, which means “elephant”.
* Bishop. From the Persian pil means “the elephant”, but in Europe and the western part of the Islamic world people knew little or nothing about elephants, and the name of the chessman entered Western Europe as Latin alfinus and similar, a word with no other meaning (in Spanish, for example, it evolved to the name “alfil”). This word “alfil” is actually the Arabic for “elephant” hence the Spanish word would most certainly have been taken from the Islamic provinces of Spain. The English name “bishop” is a rename inspired by the conventional shape of the piece. In Russia, the piece is, however, known as “elephant”. In the Indian lingo however, the piece is more popularly known as oont = “camel”.
* Queen. Persian farzin = “vizier” became Arabic firzan, which entered western European languages as forms such as alfferza, fers, etc but was later replaced by “queen”. Incidentally, the Indian equivalent of “queen”, rani is used for the piece by Indians.
The game spread throughout the Islamic world after the Muslim conquest of Persia. Chess eventually reached Russia via Mongolia, where it was played at the beginning of the 7th century. It was introduced into Spain by the Moors in the 10th century, and described in a famous 13th century manuscript covering chess, backgammon, and dice named the Libro de los juegos. Chess also found its way across Siberia into Alaska.

Modern chess

Early on, the pieces in European chess had limited movement; bishops could only move by jumping exactly two spaces diagonally (similar to the elephant in xiangqi), the queen could move only one space diagonally, pawns could not move two spaces on their first move, and there was no castling. By the end of the 15th century, the modern rules for the basic moves had been adopted from Italy: pawns gained the option of moving two squares on their first move and the en passant capture therewith, bishops acquired their modern move, and the queen was made the most powerful piece; consequently modern chess was referred to as “Queen’s Chess” or “Mad Queen Chess”. The game in Europe since that time has been almost the same as is played today. The current rules were finalized in the early 19th century, except for the exact conditions for a draw.
The most popular piece design, the “Staunton” set, was created by Nathaniel Cook in 1849, endorsed by Howard Staunton, a leading player of the time, and officially adopted by Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE) in 1924.
Chess’s international governing body is FIDE, which has presided over the world championship matches for decades. Most countries of the world have a national chess organization as well. Although chess is not an Olympic sport, it has its own Olympiad, held every two years as a team event.